NCLEX PHARMACOLOGY
A QUICK REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGY
♣ SHOW NOTES:
NCLEX REVIEW ON PHARMACOLOGY
The fact is that pharmacology will always be a big part in your NCLEX Exam, and can be a huge catalyst in whether you pass or fail your NCLEX Exam. It is quite important for us to focus a lot on the CONTENTthat pertains to medications, if we are reviewing for the NCLEX. The NCSBN (who is responsible for developing the NCLEX Exam) defines the category of PHARMACOLOGICAL AND PARENTERAL THERAPIES as a sub-category within the PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRITY area (of the exam) in which the nurse is basically providing care related to the administration of medications and parenteral therapies.
To be more specific, Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapy has contents that includes but is not limited to:
- ADVERSE EFFECTS/CONTRAINDICATIONS/SIDE EFFECTS/INTERACTIONS
- EXPECTED ACTIONS/OUTCOMES
- MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION
- BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCTS
- PARENTERAL/INTRAVENOUS THERAPIES
- CENTRAL VENOUS ACCESS DEVICES
- PHARMACOLOGICAL PAIN MANAGEMENT
- DOSAGE CALCULATION
First, I want to take a step back and look at Pharmacology from a technical sense and look at it more in depth.
What is Pharmacology?
♠ PHARMACOLOGY
PHARMACOKINETICS– The study if how drugs are being absorbed, distribuited, metabolized and excreted by the body.
PHARMACODYNAMICS– is the study of how drugs are being used by the body.
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS– the study of how the client responds to the particular drugs.
WHAT’S IN A DRUG NAME?
Chemical Name:
This tells you the chemical makeup of the drug.
Generic Name
This name is given by the company that developed the drug.
Trade Name
This is the name given to the drug by the company in which the medication originated.
THE SEVEN RIGHTS OF ADMINISTERING DRUGS
- RIGHT CLIENT
- RIGHT ROUTE
- RIGHT DRUG
- RIGHT DOSE
- RIGHT AMOUNT
- RIGHT TIME
- RIGHT DOCUMENTATION
- RIGHT TO REFUSE TREATMENT
Any drug can have a CHEMICAL NAME, A GENERIC NAME AND A BRAND OR TRADE NAME.
- THE GENERIC NAME OF A DRUG IS SUGGESTED BY THE MANUFACTURER, AND ACCEPTED BY THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE.
- HOW THE DRUG IS BEING AFFECTED AFFECTS THE BODY AND THE PATIENT’S RESPONSE IS CALLED THE EFFECT.
- EFFICACY REFERS TO THE DEGREE TO WHICH A DRUG IS ABLE TO INDUCE IT’S MAXIMAL EFFECTS.
- ADVERSE EFFECT IS ANY UNEXPECTED OR UNINTENDED RESPONSE TO A THERAPEUTIC USE OF A DRUG, IT IS ALSO CALLED SIDE EFFECT.
During this review, I want to focus specifically towards the drugs that is mostly in patients with hypertension.
DRUGS USED WITHIN THE CARDIAC SYSTEM
CARDIAC PHARMACOLOGY
♣ Pharmacology Drugs for Hypertension:
DIURETICS
- – HELPS GET RID OF THE SODIUM AND FLUID IN THE BODY.
- – USED TO LOWER THE BLOOD PRESSURE.
– PROMOTES THE EXCRETION OF SODIUM AND WATER
– DIURETICS INTERFERES WITH THE SODIUM ABSORPTION IN THE KIDNEY.
– INCREASES THE URINE OUTPUT. DECREASES THE PRELOAD AND AFTERLOAD..
If the patients blood pressure drop to low, it is important to give IV FLUIDS to pt.
LETS GO OVER THE CATEGORIES OF DIURETICS ♠
♦ TYPES OF DIURETICS
♣ POTTASIUM SPARING DIURETICS
It promotes the excretion of soduium and water, while the retention of pottasium
Used for:
- HYPERTENSION
- EDEMA
- HYPERALDOSTERONISM
- HYPOKALEMIA
MEDICATION:
- SPIRONOLACTON (ALDACTONE)
- AMILORIDE (MIDAMOR)
- TRIAMTERENE
Now lets go to the SIDE EFFECTS:
First, of course the person can have too much potassium or HYPERKALEMIA:
Signs of HYPERKALEMIA
- IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT
- NERVOUSNESS
- TINGLING IN HANDS AND FEET
- SHORTNESS OF BREATH
- TIREDNESS OR WEAKNESS
OTHER SIDE EFFECTS:
- NAUSEA AND VOMITING
- CRAMPING AND DIARRHEA
- DIZZINESS & HEADACHE
◊
LOOP DIURETICS
- BUMETANIDE (BUMEX)
- FUROSEMIDE (LASIX)
◊
OSMOTIC DIURETICS
MANNITOL
- THIZADE DIURETICS
HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE (HYDRODIURIL)
CHLOROTHIAZIDE (DIURIL)
CAUSES THE DEPLETION OF SODIUM AND WATER.
♣ CAN INDUCE HYPERGLYCEMIA
VERY IMPORTANT FOR THE NCLEX:
◊ SIDE EFFECTS OF DIURETICS
- FREQUENT URINATION
- ELECTROLYTE ABNORMALITIE
- MUSCLE CRAMPS OR WEAKNESS
- BLURRED VISION
- CONFUSION
- HEADACHE
- INCREASED PERSPIRATION (SWEATING)
- RESTLESSNESS
BETA (ADRENERGIC) BLOCKERS
– Helps lower blood pressure, puls rate and cardiac output.
– Can be used to treat headaches.
– Can be used to treat glacauma and prevent myocardial infarctions.
– Acts on the system, by blocking the symathetic vasomotor response.
For the NCLEX, try to remember that the syllable for beta blockers is usally (olol).
SIDE EFFECTS:
- ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
- BRADYCARDIA
- NAUSEA AND VOMITING
- DIARRHEA
NOTE: Some of the symptoms may MASK signs of Hypoglycemia
♠ HYPOGLYCEMIC SYMPTOMS
NURSING INTERVENTIONS FOR CLIENTS TAKING BETA BLOCKERS:
Make sure that you monitor the client’s blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm, before administering the beta blocker. Monitor the client for signs of edema. The nurse should also assess the lungs sounds for signs of rales and ronchi. When patient are taking beta blockers, it is also very important to monitor the changes in lab values such as (protein, BUN and creatinine) which can indicate nephrotic syndrome. Nursing teaching for the NCLEX would include: Teaching the Client to rise slowly (ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION) * (A SAFETY ISSUE), report any signs of bradycardia, dizziness, confusion depression or fever. It is also very important to taper off the medication properly.
CARDIAC PHARMACOLOGY
♣ CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
- – PREVENTS THE MOVEMENT MECHANISM OF CALCIUM WITHIN THE CARDIAC SYSTEM.
- – THEREFORE DECREASING THE CARDIAC WORKLOAD, AND CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTILIY.
- – MEDICATIONS INCLUDE THE “DIPINE” : DILITAZEM (CARDIZEM), AMLOPIDINE (NORVASC), NEFEDIPINE, NICARDIPINE.
- – USED TO TREAT ANGINA.
- REMEMBER:
– Blocks the calcium channels in the heart, causing a decrease in contractility.
Decreases the workload of the heart.
USED FOR:
Hypertension
MEDICATIONS:
- NIFEDIPINE (PROCARDIA)
- AMPLODIPINE (NORVASC)
- DO NOT GIVE NORVASC WITH GRAPEFRUIT, CAUSEES INCREASE IN DRUG LEVEL.
- VERAPAMIL (ISOPTIN)
- DILTIAZEM (CARDIZEM)
SIDE EFFECTS:
Constipation
Nausea
Headache
Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia)
Drowsiness
↓
REMEMBER:
- MAKE SURE TO MONITOR THE HEART RATE AND THE BLOOD PRESSURE.
- HOLD MEDICATION IF HR IS LESS THAN 60 OR IF BP IS LESS THAN BP.
♠ ACE INHIBITOR
- – ACE INHIBITORS “BLOCKS” THE CONVERSION OF ANGIOTENSIN 1 TO ANGIOTENSIN 2.
- – ALTERS THE “BLOOD PRESSURE” MECHANISM THROUGH THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM.
- MEDICATIONS INCLUDES THE “PRIL” : CATOPRIL, ENALAPRIL, LISINOPRIL, RAMIPRIL.
SIDE EFFECTS:
- COUGH
- TACHYCARDIA
- NAUSEA AND VOMITING.
REMEMBER:
GIVE ON AN EMPTY STOMACH OR 2-3 HRS. AFTER A MEAL.
♣
Welcome to this NCLEX Quick E Course: There is only ONE GOAL with this course, and that is to pass the NCLEX. You have made it this far, you have graduated Nursing School. You basically have learned, in some way or another the content and essential knowledge necessary to pass the NCLEX exam. With the help of this course, it will now depend on how you are able to apply this knowledge and strategies towards the NCLEX.
Before starting this Quick E Course, I will require 3 essential qualities that you have from within:
The Three C’s includes:
Confidence: Confident that you are going to pass the NCLEX Exam.
Commitment: Committed in doing everything, to pass this Exam.
Concentration: Focus and Concentration throughout this review.
This COURSE will INCLUDE… ♣
The Quick E Course
Test Taking Strategies
Maslow's Hierarchy
The Nursing Process
Lab Values (Important)
Intravenous Fluids
Electrolyte Values
NCLEX Review on Medication (IMPORTANT)
The Cardiac System
The Neuro System
The Respiratory System
The G.I. System
The G.U. System
The Endocrine System
The Integumentry System
The Hematologic System
The Musculoskeletal System
Eye and Ear Disorders
Infection Control
Management and Delegation
Types of Dysrhytmias
Pharmacology
Drug Classifications & Adverse Reactions.
Classification and Side Effects
The Antidote for certain Drugs.
Vitamins and Mineral
Cardiac Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Drugs (Simplified)
Cardiac Glycosides
Antidysrhytmics
Anticoagulants
Diuretics
Thrombolytics
Cardiac Stimulants
Central Nervous System Pharm.
CNS Stimulants
Anticonvulsants
Barbituates
Benzodiazepines
Succinimides
Antiparkinsonians
Antimyasthenic (Cholinergics)
Opioid Analgesics
Opioid Antagonists
Antiseizure Medication
Respiratory Pharmacology
Bronchodilators
Mucolytic Agents and Expectorants
Antihistamine
Antitussives
G.I. System Pharmacology
GI Drugs
Antacids
Anticholinergics
Antiemetics
Antidiarrheals
Cathartics/Laxatives
G.U. System Pharmacology
Spasmolytics
Urinary Anti-infectives
Pharmacology Review
A basic review of pharmacology
Overview of diff. type of Antibiotics
Adrenegic Antagonist Drugs
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Hematological Disorders
Antiplatelets
Anticoagluants
Autonomic Nervous System
Adrenergic Drugs
Cholinergic Agents
Anticholinergics
Antiparkinsonian Agents
Beta Adrenergic Blockers
Anti-infectives
Aminoglycosides
Maternity and Pediatrics
Maternal Assessment
Signs of Pregnancy
Complications of Pregnancy
1st, 2nd & 3rd Trimester Pregnancy
Ectopic Pregnancy
Placenta Previa
Preeclamsia
Caring for the Maternal Client
Signs of Pregnancy
Newborn and Pediatrics
Care of the Newborn
Growth & Development
Cardiovascular Disorders
Respiratory Disorders
Neurological Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Pediatrics: An NCLEX Review
Psychiatric Disorders
Psychotic Disorders
Substance Abuse
Drug Use
All the Instructions to ACCESS the COURSE will be sent through your email.
All Proceeds Help Support my Help the Homeless Project below. ⇓⇓⇓⇓
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